[countable, uncountable] an amount that is extra or more than you need过剩；剩余；过剩量；剩余量◆a surplus of housing住房过剩◆The area has large job surpluses, requiring 10 000 people to fill available posts.这个地区有大量过剩的工作岗位，需要 1 万人来填补空缺。◆Skilled workers are in surplus in some regions. 有些地区的技术工人过剩。 SYN glut OPP shortage (Accounting 会计; Economics 经济学) the amount by which money that a government or business receives is greater than the amount of money spent in a particular period of time盈余；顺差◆The country has a huge budget surplus as it is a large oil exporting nation.由于这个国家是石油输出大国，所以有巨大的预算盈余。◆The balance of payments was in surplus last year (= the value of exports was greater than the value of imports).去年国际收支出现顺差。◆The final-salary pension plan still has a healthy surplus.最终薪金退休金计划仍有一大笔盈余。  ➡  deficit  ➡  see note at profit buyer's surplus consumer surplus structural surplus trade surplus