| 释义 |
ˌtop-ˈdown adjective starting from or involving the people who have higher positions in an organization自上而下的⨁top-down decision-making / leadership / management / planning自上而下的决策／领导／管理／计划 (about a plan, project, etc.) starting with a general idea to which details are added later（计划、项目等）从总体到具体的，先总后分的 OPP bottom-up |